INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO Y DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE MONTERREY
CAMPUS CIUDAD DE MÉXICO
H-95-023. Democracia y Elecciones en América Latina
Susana Berruecos García Travesí
Objetivo General
El curso está enfocado en el poder explicativo de las teorías de la democracia y en el uso comparativo de la evidencia histórica para analizar la política latinoamericana contemporánea. Se introducirán algunos de los debates teóricos más importantes en torno a los procesos de ruptura, transición y consolidación democrática en América Latina. Se evaluarán los prospectos de la democracia en la región tomando como casos de estudio a los siguientes países: Brasil, Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, Perú y México.
Temas
I. Democracia
1) Definiciones conceptuales
2) La democracia en perspectiva comparada: estudios históricos y cuantitativos
3) La teoría de la modernización y la democracia
4) Instituciones políticas y estabilidad democrática: sistemas electorales y partidos políticos
5) Presidencialismo vs Parlamentarismo
II. Autoritarismo latinoamericano y transiciones a la democracia (80s)
1) Las dictaduras militares tradicionales y la crisis del modelo económico desarrollista
2) Las políticas de ajuste económico: la primera generación de reformas
3) La naturaleza y características de la transición democrática en América Latina: transiciones pactadas y violentas.
III. Democracia y Desarrollo en América Latina (90s)
1) El Debate del Banco Mundial y el Good Governance
2) La dimensión social: derechos humanos y ONG’s
3) Decentralización y Reforma institucional en América LAtina
4) Perspectivas de la democracia en América Latina.
IV. Estudios de caso:
1) Venezuela
2) Perú
3) Chile
4) Argentina
5) Brasil
6) México
Metodología del Curso
Este programa intensivo estará basado en las exposiciones y asesorías del maestro, pero también en la participación activa de los alumnos. Para ello no sólo se requerirá que los alumnos realicen las lecturas obligatorias cada sesión, sino también que preparen una presentación y un ensayo individual relacionado con el curso
Evaluación
Dada la restricción del tiempo para realizar más exámenes parciales y otras actividades, la calificación final estará integrada de la siguiente manera:
Controles 15%
Examen Parcial 25%
Presentación/Trabajo Individual 20%
Examen Final 40%
Bibliografía.
I. Democracia
Texto obligatorio
Dahl, Robert, Democracy and its Critics, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
Artículos: "A Theory of the Democratic Process" y "The Problem of Inclusion"
Otras recomendaciones
Lijphart, Arend, Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.
Held, David, Models of Democracy, Cambridge: Polity, 1987
Dahl, Robert (1971) Polyarchy. Participation and Opposition. New Haven and London, Yale University Press.
2) La democracia en perspectiva comparada: estudios históricos y cuantitativos
Texto obligatorio
Rueschemeyer, D. E. Stephens & J.D. Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1992. (especialmente el capítulo 2)
Lipset, Seymour M., "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy" en American Political Science Review, 1959.
Otras recomendaciones
Moore, Barrington, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, Boston: Beacon: Press, 1966.
Skcocpol, Theda "A Critical review of Barrington Moore’s Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy", en Politics and Society, 1973
3) La teoría de la modernización y la democracia
Textos obligatorios
Lipset, Seymour M., "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy" en Political Man, 1980.
O’Donnell, G, "Tensions in the Bureaucratic Authoritarian State and the Question of Democracy en D. Collier (ed) The New Authoritarianism in Latin America, 1979
Otras recomendaciones
Huntington, Samuel, Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1968.
4) Instituciones políticas y estabilidad democrática: sistemas electorales y partidos políticos
Texto obligatorio
Lijphart, Arend (1984) Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Nohlen, Dieter, Los sistemas electorales en América Latina y el debate sobre reforma electoral, México: UNAM, 1993.
Otras recomendaciones
Domínguez, Jorge I, Parties, elections, and political participation in Latin America , New York: Garland Pub, 1994.
Close, David Legislatures and the New Democracies in Latin America Boulder : Lynne Rienner, 1995.
Diamond, Larry and Mark Plattner, The Global Resurgence of Democracy, Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
Taagapera, Rein & M. S., Shugart, Seats and Votes: The effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems, Newhaven : Yale U.P, 1989.
Diamond, Larry (ed) Democracy in developing countries: Latin America, Boulder, Colo.; London : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999.
Shugart, Matthew Presidents and assemblies: constitutional design and electoral dynamics, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
5)PresidencialismovsParlamentarismo
Textos obligatorios
Mainwaring, Scott y Matthew Soberg Shugart (eds.) Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America, Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Mainwaring, Scott y Arturo Valenzuela (eds), Politics, society, and democracy. Latin America, Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 1998.
Otras recomendaciones
Stepan, Alfred y Skach, Cindy, "Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation. Parliamentarism vs. Presidentialism" en World Politics, XLIV, 1993.
II. Autoritarismo latinoamericano y transiciones a la democracia (80s)
1) Las dictaduras militares tradicionales y el modelo económico desarrollista
Textos Obligatorios
Fitch, John Samuel, The armed forces and democracy in Latin America, Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
M. Cavarozzi (1992) ‘Beyond Transitions to Democracy in Latin America’ Journal of Latin American Studies 24, 665-684
R. Dornbush and S. Edwards (1991) Macroeconomics of Populism in Latin America Chicago, Chicago University Press (chapters 1 and 2)
Otras recomendaciones
O'Donnell, G., Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism, Institute of International Studies, University of California-Berkeley, 1973.
Collier, D. (ed), The New Authoritarianism in Latin America, Princeton University Press, 1979.
Linz, Juan J y Alfred Stepan, Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe, Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
2) Las políticas de ajuste económico: la primera generación de reformas
Textos Obligatorios
W. Smith, C. Acuña and E. Gamarra (eds) (1993) Democracy, markets, and structural reform in contemporary Latin America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, New Brunswick, N.J : Transaction Publishers, 1994. (capítulo 1)
D. Hojman (1994) ‘The Political Economy of Recent Conversions to a Market Economy in Latin America’ Journal of Latin American Studies 26,1; 191-219.
Otras recomendaciones
S. Haggard and R. Kaufman (1995) The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions Princeton, Princeton University Press.
D. North (1990) Institutions, institutional change and economic performance Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
3) La naturaleza y características de la transición democrática en América Latina: transiciones graduales-pactadas y violentas.
Textos Obligatorios
Terry Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America", Comparative Politics, 23, Oct 1990
Cavarozzi, "Beyond Transitions to democracy in Latin America", Journal of Latin American Studies, 24, (1992).
Otras recomendaciones
Calvert, Peter, The democratic transition in Central America : Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Panama, London: Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, 1998
Terry Lynn Karl and Philipe Schmitter, "Modes of Transition in Latin America, Southern and Eastern Europe," International Social Science Journal, Vol.128, May 1991, pp269-84.
Barba Solano, Carlos, José Luis Barros Horcasitas, y Javier Hurtado (compiladores) Transiciones a la democracia en Europa y América Latina , México : M.A. Porrúa, 1991.
III. Democracia y Desarrollo en América Latina (90s)
1) Democracia y desarrollo en América Latina:
Textos Obligatorios
The World Bank, Governance and Development, 1992.
Huber, E., D. Rueschemeyer and J.D. Stephens, "The Paradoxes of Contemporary Democracy: Formal, Participatory and Social Dimensions",en Comparative Politics, 29,3, April, 1997.
Philip, G., ‘Democracy, legitimacy and ‘good governance’: The New Populism in Spanish South American Politics’ (unpublished LSE), 1996
Otras recomendaciones
Naím, Moisés, ‘Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform’ en Diamond, Larry and Marc F. Plattner (eds.) Economic Reform and Democracy Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1995.
Nelson, J. M., ‘Linkages Between Politics and Economics’ in L. Diamond and M. F. Plattner (eds) Economic Reform and Democracy Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1995.
Leftwich, A.; Governance, democracy and development in the Third World, Third World Quarterly 14, 3, 1993.
1.2. La dimensión social: derechos humanos y ONG’s
Textos Obligatorios
Sieder, Rachel, Impunity in Latin America, London: University of London, Institute of Latin American Studies, 1995.
Garretón, M.A. "Human Rights in Processes of Democratisation" en Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 26, 1994
Otras recomendaciones
Foweraker, Joe & Ann L. Craig (eds), Popular movements and political change in Mexico, Boulder : L. Rienner Publishers, 1990.
Hojman, D, "Non-governmental organisations and the Chilean transition to democracy" en European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, June 1993.
Foyley, M. & B.Edwards (1996) "The Paradox of Civil Society" en Journal of Democracy, 7, 3.
Foweraker, Joe & Todd Landman, Citizenship rights and social movements: a comparative and statistical analysis, Oxford : Clarendon, 1997.
1.3. Decentralización y Reforma Institucional en América Latina
Textos Obligatorios
Willis E, Da C. B. Garman and S. Haggard , ‘The Politics of Decentralization in Latin America’ Latin American Research Review 34, 1, 7-56, 1999.
Oates W.(1990) ‘Decentralization of the Public Sector: An Overview’ en R. Bennett Decentralization, Local Governments and Markets: Towards a Post-Welfare Agenda, Oxford: Clarendon, 1990.
Otras recomendaciones
Slater D.,‘Territorial Power and the Peripheral State: The Issue of Decentralization’ Development and Change 20 (3) 501-31, 1989.
B.Smith, Decentralization: The Territorial Dimension of the State (capítulos 1 y 2), 1985
(1998) ‘Local Government and the Transition to Democracy: A Review Article’ en Public Administration and Development 18,1 85-92.
Loaeza, Soledad (compiladora), Reforma del estado y democracia en América Latina, México, D.F: Centro de Estudios Internacionales, El Colegio de México, 1996.
2) Perspectivas de la democracia en América Latina.
Textos Obligatorios
Schedler, A., "What is Democratic Consolidation" en Journal of Democracy, Vol. 9, No. 2, April 1998.
Guillermo O’Donnell. ‘Delegative Democracy’, Journal of Democracy, Vol 5, No. 1, 1994.
Otras recomendaciones
Przeworski, Adam & Pranab Bardhan, Sustainable democracy, Cambridge, England; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Tulchin, Joseph S & Bernice Romero (eds.), The consolidation of democracy in Latin America, Boulder, Colo : L. Rienner Publishers, c1995.
Diamond, Larry, Consolidating the third wave democracies: themes and perspectives, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
Levine, D, "Paradigm Lost: Dependency to Democracy" en World Politics, Vol. XL, 3, 1988.
IV. Estudios de caso:
1) Venezuela
Textos Obligatorios
Buxton, Julia, Continuismo in Venezuela: the neopopulism of Hugo Chávez, Kingston University, PSA Conference, 2000
Otras Recomendaciones
Karl, Terry Lynn, The paradox of plenty: oil booms and petro-states, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
Tulchin, Joseph S & Gary Bland, Venezuela in the wake of radical reform, Boulder, Colo : L. Rienner, 1993.
Naím, Moisés, Paper tigers and minotaurs: the politics of Venezuela's economic reforms, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Brookings Institution, 1993.
Buhrkohl, Guillermo, Change and Continuity in Venezuela's Bolivarian Revolution, LSE, en proceso de investigación, 2000
Textos Obligatorios
Palmer, David Scott, The shining path of Peru, London: Hurst, 1992.
Graham, Carol, Peru's APRA : parties, politics, and the elusive quest for democracy, Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers, 1992.
Otras Recomendaciones
Crabtree, John, The 1995 elections in Peru: end of the line for the party system?, London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1995.
Kay, Bruce, "Fujipopulism and the Liberal State in peru 1990-1995" en Journal of Inter-American Studies, Vol. 38, no 4, Winter 1996-97.
Gorriti Ellenbogen, Gustavo, The Shining Path: a history of the millenarian war in Peru, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
Crabtree, John y Jim Thomas (eds.), Fujimori's Peru: the political economy, London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1998.
Textos Obligatorios
Angell, Alan y Benny Pollack (eds), The legacy of dictatorship: political, economic and social change in Pinochet's Chile, Liverpool: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Liverpool, 1993.
Bermejo, Nancy "Democracy and the Lessons of Dictatorship" en Comparative Politics, Vo. 24, No. 3, April 1992
Otras Recomendaciones
Hojman, D, "Poverty and Inequality in Chile: are democratic politics and neoliberal economics good for you? en Journal of InterAmerican Studies, Vol. 38, No. 2, Verano 1996.
Drake, Paul e Iván Jaksic (eds.) The struggle for democracy in Chile, 1982-1990 , Rev. ed., Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 995.
Funk, Robert, The new populism in Chile: disguising the past, PSA Conference, 2000
Textos Obligatorios
Epstein, Edward C, The new Argentine democracy: the search for a successful formula, Westport, Conn : Praeger, 1992.
Calvert, Susan y Peter, Argentina: political culture and instability, Basingstoke : University of Pittsburgh Press : Macmillan, 1989.
Otras Recomendaciones
Acuña, Carlos, "politicas and Economics in the Argentina of the 1990's en Smith, William C (eds.), Democracy, markets, and structural reform in contemporary Latin America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, New Brunswick, N.J : Transaction Publishers, 1994.
Textos Obligatorios
Lamounier, Bolivar (1997), "Multipartism, Robust Federalism and Presidentialism in Brazil" in Mainwaring Scott and Matthew Soberg Shugart (1997), Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America, Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, p. 55-109.
Weyland, K, "The Brazilian State in the New Democracy" en Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 39, 4, 63-94.
Otras Recomendaciones
Mainwaring, Scott, "Brazil. Weak PArties, Feckless Democracy" en Mainwaring & T.R.Scully (eds), Building Democratic Institutions. Party systems in Latin America, Stamford University Press, 1995.
Purcell, Susan Kaufman & Riordan Roett, Brazil under Cardoso, Boulder, Colo.: L. Rienner Publishers, 1997.
Lamounier, Bolivar (1994), "Brazil: Toward Parliamentarism?" in Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, The Failure of Presidential Democracy, p. 253-293
Textos Obligatorios
Salazar, Luis (ed) 1997: Elecciones y transición a la democracia en México, México Cal y Arena, 1999
Camp, Roderic AiI. La Política en México. México: Siglo XXI, 1995: 75-212.
Meyer, Lorenzo. Liberalismo autoritario: las contradicciones del Sistema Político Mexicano. México: Océano, 1995: 71-180. .
Weldon, Jeffrey, The Political Sources of Presidencialismo in Mexico" en Mainwaring Scott and M Shugart, Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America, Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press, p. 225–258, 1997.
Otras Recomendaciones
Cornelius, Wayne, Todd Eisenstadt & Jane Hindley, Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico, UCSD, 1999
Lujambio, Alonso, Gobiernos Divididos en la Federación Mexicana, México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Instituto Federal Electoral-Colegio Nacional de Ciencias Políticas yAdministración Pública, 1997.
Rodríguez, Victoria, Decentralization in Mexico: from Reforma Municipal to Solidaridad to Nuevo Federalismo, Boulder,Col, 1997.
Melgar Adalid, Mario (coord.), "Las Reformas al Poder Judicial: una Aproximación desde la Ciencia Política", en Reformas al Poder Judicial, México: UNAM: 1995.